|
|
|
 |
|
Computer Programming
Computer programmers develop, test, and maintain programs that computers use to perform their functions. They also design, conceive, and test structures for solving problems using computers. Numerous technical advances in programming such as advanced computing technologies and sophisticated programming tools have reworked the job descriptions of programmers and advanced the level of programming today. Exact job descriptions and positions vary, depending on the industry.
The specifications under which programmers write programs are determined primarily by computer systems analysts and software engineers. Once the design process is complete, it is the programmer's job to convert that design into a series of instructions for the computer. The programmer uses a conventional programming language, like COBOL; an AI language, like as Prolog; or an advanced object-oriented language like Smalltalk, Java, or C++. Various programming languages are employed depending on the purpose of the program. For example, a language like COBOL is commonly used in business applications, whereas a language like Fortran (short for "formula translation") is used in the science and engineering world. C++ is a versatile language, used for both scientific and business applications. Programmers at the enterprise level must know platform-specific languages used in database programming and other applications. Most programmers know more than one programming language. The similarities between languages allow programmers to learn new languages relatively quickly. Programmers are often referred to in terms of the language they know best, the type of function they perform, or the environment in which they primarily work.
There are many training paths available for programmers. Because the needs of employers are so varied, the large number of qualified applicants, and increased specialization, the experience and level of education employers seek has been increasing. Four-year college degrees are generally required, with certain jobs allowing 2-year degrees or certificates. Most community or city colleges as well as technical institutes offer an associate (2-year) degree in computer science that can be beneficial for an entry-level position.
Companies are chiefly concerned with programming abilities and knowledge, and computer programmers who obtain certification in a programming language such as C++, Java, PERL, Visual Basic etc. can document their abilities. University graduates interested in career change or developing a specific area of expertise frequently return to a technical school or 2-year program for additional training. Without a degree, substantial experience or specialized expertise is a must. However, even with a degree, employers are placing more emphasis on prior experience.
Skills required vary from job to job, but the need for various skills is guided primarily by technology changes. Companies specializing in scientific or engineering applications generally prefer college graduates with degrees in computer science, mathematics, engineering, the physical sciences, or information science. Advanced degrees in related fields are also required for certain jobs. Companies with more of a business focus tend to look for people who have college training in management information systems (MIS) or business, yet possess strong computer programming skills. While knowledge of more traditional programming languages is important, employers are increasingly placing emphasis on newer, object-oriented programming languages, like C++ and Java. In addition, employers are searching for persons skilled in fourth- or fifth-generation programming environments that involve systems and graphic user interface (GUI) programming. General business skills and experience related to company operations are becoming increasingly helpful as added skill sets.
|
Computer Programming Degree Search
Select a degree level and then select a computer programming speciality
to view all programs currently available.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
